C4.5 Radioactivity – LearnITbyTests

1. The process where an unstable nuclide breaks up to yield another nuclide of different compositions with the emission of particles and energy is called

fusion

explosion

radioactivity

bomb blast

2. Explain the reason why gamma rays are not shown when writing nuclear equations

They do not have a charge

They have the very high penetration power

They have a very low ionizing power

They do not affect the mass number and the atomic number of a nuclide.

3. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about Gamma radiation?

are high energy rays

They are electrically charged

They are not emitted on their own but normally accompany the emission of alpha and beta particles

They do have an electrical charge

4. How does a chain reaction occurs in nuclear fission

The neutron produced further bombards more nuclei and more neutrons are formed.

The energy produced causes other nuclides to collide and a chain reaction occurs

an increase in temperature and pressure

none of the mentioned

5. What is the main cause that explains why nuclear fission is accompanied by a release of an enormous amount of energy

The splitting of a largely unstable nuclide as it absorbs a neutron

The joining up of two small unstable nuclide particles

The total mass of the products is slightly less than the mass of the initial nuclides

none of the above

6. Which material can stop beta particles from passing through with its penetration power?

paper

thick lead block

aluminum foil

none of the above

7. The substance which undergoes radioactivity is said to be radioactive

FALSE

Maybe

TRUE

none of the above

8. Explain why alpha particles have a very high ionizing effect as they pass through gases

They have a low speed which enables them to be in contact with target atoms for a longer time

They have a high charge

They have a high penetration power

both A and B

9. The shorter the half-life the faster the rate of decay of the nuclide while the longer the half-life the slower the rate of decay of the nuclide. True or False

TRUE

Maybe

FALSE

none of the above

10. Mention the medical applications of radioactivity

sterilization of surgical instruments using gamma radiation

for providing power in heart pace setters

detecting leakage in underground water or oil pipes without digging them out

All the above

11. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about beta radioactive particles?

They are negatively charged.

They are electrons that originate from within the nucleus and not from the outer energy levels

They are formed when a neutron changes into proton within the nucleus.

All of the above.

12. In a nuclear reaction explain what happens when a beta particle is emitted from the nucleus

the atomic number reduces by one of the new nuclides

The mass number of the new nuclide remains the same.

The atomic number of new nuclide increases by ONE.

both B and C

13. The process of determining the age of dead organic matter using the half-life of carbon 14 is known as?

Half a day

Half LIFE

Half time

none of the above

14. Which of the following radiation particles has the least penetration power?

beta

gamma

alpha

All the above

15. In a nuclear reaction explain what happens when an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus

the atomic number of the new nuclide is lowered by two of the new nuclide

the mass number is lowered by four of the new nuclide

both the atomic and mass number of the new nuclide doesn't change

Both A and B

16. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about Nuclear fusion

The process is accompanied by the liberation of large quantities of energy

The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactant in a nuclear fusion equation

The energy released after fusion causes other nuclides to collide and a chain reaction occurs

All the above

17. The splitting process a heavy nuclide undergoes when bombarded by a fast-moving neutron is called?

nuclear fusion

Nuclear fission

Half LIFE

carbon dating

18. How are alpha particles deflected by an electric field?

They are attracted by the positive plate in an electric field

They are heavy and are only slightly deflected

They are attracted by the negative plate in an electric field

Both B and C

19. Give a reason as to how nuclear fusion and fission are similar nuclear reaction processes?

in both cases, a large quantity of energy is released

Both processes result in chain reactions

In both cases subatomic particles such as neutrons accompany the process

All the above

20. Which of the following material can ONLY stop gamma radiation particles from penetration

paper

aluminum foil

thick lead block

cement block

21. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time taken for a given mass or number of nuclides to decay to half it's original mass or number. True or False

FALSE

Maybe

TRUE

none of the above

22. Which material can stop alpha particles from passing through with its penetration power

paper

aluminum foil

thick lead block

zinc

23. Which among the following is an example of radioactive material?

Sodium

Potassium

Dynamite

Uranium

24. Mention the difference between nuclear reaction and chemical reaction

the nuclear reaction takes place within the nucleus and involves neutrons and protons but chemical reaction takes place on the outer energy shells containing the valence electrons and doesn't involve protons and neutrons

the nuclear reaction releases a large amount of heat energy, unlike chemical energy that releases much less heat energy.

A nuclear reaction is not affected by environmental factors such as temperature but the chemical reaction is affected by environmental factors such as temperature and pressure

All of the above.

25. Which of the following is INCORRECT about alpha radioactive particles?

They are positively charged helium nuclei

They have an electrical charge of 2+

They are the heaviest of the three radiations

they do NOT have an electrical charge

26. Name the 3 types of radiation

alpha particles

beta particles

gamma particles

all of the above

27. Which of the radiation particles have the highest penetration power?

beta

alpha

gamma

none of the above

28. Which of the following is NOT an application of radioactive isotopes

gauging the thickness of thin metal and paper sheets

determining the age of archeological materials in fossils from carbon 14 dating

manufacture of nuclear weapons and atomic bombs.

used in sacrificial anodes

29. Give the name of the series which represents the sequential and continuous disintegration of an unstable nuclide until a stable nuclide is formed

electrochemical series

reactivity series

radioactive decay series

none of the above

30. How does a chain reaction occur in nuclear fusion?

The neutron produced further bombards more nuclei and more neutrons are formed.

The energy produced causes other nuclides to collide and a chain reaction occurs

an increase in temperature and pressure

none of the mentioned

31. Radioactivity is what kind of a process

chemical process

physical process

dangerous process

nuclear process

32. Which among the radiation particles have a high ionizing effect?

beta

gamma

alpha

none of the above

33. The spontaneous disintegration of radioactive nuclides is known as

radioactivity

radioactive isotopes

radioactive decay

none of the mentioned

34. How are beta particles deflected by an electric field?

They are deflected to the positive plate in an electric field

They have a greater deflection than that of alpha particles due to their much smaller masses

They are attracted to the negative plate in an electric field

Both A and B

35. Mention the 2 types of radioactivity

natural

artificial

robotic

Both A and B

36. What is the name given when a nuclei combine when they are made to collide at high velocity resulting in the formation of a heavy nucleus and release energy?

grand collision gov't

nuclear fission

nuclear fusion

Half-life

37. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about Nuclear fusion?

The mass of the products added together is equal to the mass of the reactants in the nuclear fission equation.

The reaction is accompanied by the release of a large amount of energy

It is originated when a largely unstable nuclide absorbs a neutron and immediately split up two approximately equal fragments together with several smaller particles such as neutron

All of the above

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